Among the different strategies for sitespecifi c drug delivery. Micelles are closed lipid monolaters with a fatty acid core and polar surface, or polar core with fatty acids on the surface inverted micelle. However, differences in characteristics exist between liposomes and niosomes, especially since niosomes are prepared from uncharged singlechain surfactant and cholesterol, whereas liposomes are prepared from doublechain phospholipids neutral or charged. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of niosomal formulation for. Vesicles made up of concentric vesicles made up of surfactants bilayer of phospholipids with or without incorporation of cholesterol. What are the differences between liposomes and micelles. Niosomes are now widely studied as an alternative to liposomes. Niosomes behave invivo like liposomes, prolonging the circulation of entrapped drug and altering its organ distribution and metabolic stability. Liposomes are most often composed of phospholipids, especially phosphatidylcholine, but may also include other lipids, such as egg phosphatidylethanolamine, so long as they are compatible with lipid. Micelles are closed lipid monolayers with a fatty acid core and polar surface, or polar core with fatty acids on the surface inverted micelle.
They presents a structure similar to liposome and hence they can represent alternative vesicular systems with respect to liposomes niosomes are thoughts to be better candidates drug delivery as compared to liposomes due. Sep 30, 2014 the use of liposomes in delivery of drugs and genes to tumour site are promising and may serve as a handle for focus of future research. Nanoparticles are have been used as a drug carrier in transdermal formulations to enhance absorption of therapeutic agents. Niosomes are prepared from uncharged singlechain surfactants and cholesterol whereas liposomes are prepared from double chain phospholipids neutral or charged. Liposomes and virosomes as delivery systems for antigens. However, differences in characteristics exist between liposomes and niosomes, especially since niosomes are prepared from uncharged singlechain surfactant. To minimize this fluctuation, novel drug delivery systems have been developed, which include niosomes, liposomes, nanoparticles, microspheres, microemulsions, impalatable pumps and magnetic microcapsules. Niosome using span60 as surfactant, image from niosome liposome are made of phospholipids, th. Mouritsen, liposomes or vesicles are closed bilayers while micelles are just an aggregate of lipids in a spherical form exposing their polar heads and hiding their hydro. Pdf preparation and evaluation of reversephase evaporation. The concentration of cholesterol in liposomes is much more than that in niosomes. Contrary to liposomes, the size of niosomes decreases substantially upon freezing in liquid nitrogen and subsequent thawing, as shown by cryoem and dynamic light scattering. Niosomes are made of nonionic surfactants and cholesterol.
There is no uniform and established definition of drug delivery systems. Non lipoidal biocarriers for sitespecific targeting. Dec 01, 2004 fourthly, thermosensitive liposomes make use of lipids with transition temperatures between 41 and 43 c, such as 1,2dipalmitoylsnglycero3phosphocholine. Furthermore, liposomes may or may not contain cholesterol while niosomes contain cholesterol. These liposomes may be digested while in the macrophages phagosome, thus releasing its drug. For niosomes, a higher nafi flux penetrate through the skin than the liposomes, suggesting that niosomes improved horny layer properties by reducing transepidermal water loss and increasing smoothness via the replenishment of lost skin lipids. Hydrogels and their combination with liposomes, niosomes.
Among drug carriers one can name soluble polymers, microparticles made of. Niosomes and liposomes are equiactive in drug delivery potential and both increase drug efficacy as compared with that of free drug. Niosomes resemble liposomes in structure except they contain surfactant, which will enhance the stability of the drug delivery system 240. Elements impact for developing niosomes as a promising. Now a days various carrier systems such as liposomes, niosomes, aquasomes, pharmacosomes, dendrimers, nanoparticles, microspheres, solid lipid. Liposomes were first in such type of delivery systems but it was not so successful due to their numerous drawbacks. Whiplash rove beetle dermatitis among students at university. Liposomes are a form of vesicles that consists of many or one phospholipid bi layer the polar character of the liposomal core enables polar drug molecules to be encapsulated. Skin transport of hydrophilic compoundloaded pegylated lipid. Confocal laser scanning microscopy clsm was used to visualize the penetration. Comparing exosomelike vesicles with liposomes for the. Mar 29, 2014 examples of ndds niosomes liposomes nanoparticles resealed erythrocytes microspheres monoclonal antibodies micro emulsions antibodyloaded drug delivery magnetic microcapsules implantable pumps figure 1.
Here is a wikimedia image that shows the simple struc. Critical evaluation of antileishmanial properties in various. Development and characterization of niosomal drug delivery of. Liposomes are intracellular vesicles that can be used to transport substances such as nutrients and drugs i into the cell, ii out of the cell, and iii between different parts of a cell. Handjanivila et al 6 were first to report the formation of vesicular system on hydration of. Vesicular drug delivery systems used in ophthalmics such as liposomes and niosomes help in providing pro longed and controlled action at the corneal surface and 2. Advantages of novel drug delivery systems biology essay. The vesicle is composed of a bilayer of nonionic surface active agents and hence the name niosomes. Their physical properties are highly variable, depending on composition and manufacturing method. Liposomes are the microscopic spherical phospholipids vesicles that form spontaneously when mixed in water under low shear conditions. Feb 07, 2019 the main difference between liposomes and niosomes is that liposomes are made up of phospholipids, which contain two hydrophobic tails whereas niosomes are made up of nonionic surfactants, which usually contain a single hydrophobic tail. The phospholipid molecules arranged in layers or sheets and the molecules aligned side by side, in which the hydrophilic heads of phospholipid and their. Among these systems, liposomes and niosomes are welldocumented vesicular drugdelivery systems 3, 4, 5, 6. Development and characterization of niosomal drug delivery.
Hydrogels and their combination with liposomes, niosomes, or. Niosomes act invivo similar to liposomes, prolonging the circulation of entrapped drug and altering its organ distribution and metabolic stability. Niosomes and liposomes are equiactive in drug delivery. The basic difference between liposomes and ethosomes lies in their composition. Niosomes are comparatively more stable than liposomes due to the presence of nonionic surfactant on their surface. Dosage form design important question remix education. According to what i read from life as a matter of fat written by ole g. What is the difference between liposomes and micelles. Liposomes can be prepared by disrupting biological membranes such as by sonication liposomes are most often composed of phospholipids, especially.
A future of targeted drug delivery systems karim km. Apr 02, 2012 the percentage of swelling was determined at different time intervals by the difference between diameter of microspheres at time t d t and initial time t 0 d 0 as calculated from the following equation and averaged from 3 determinations. Micelles are closed lipid monolayers with a fatty acid core and polar surface, or polar. Apr 12, 2018 niosomes are highly stable and only slightly more leaky than liposomes as assayed by calcein leakage. Niosomes made of uncharged single chain surfactant molecules liposomes made of neutral or charged double chain phospholipids. Handjanivila et al were first to report the formation of vesicular system on hydration of mixture of. Skin transport of hydrophilic compoundloaded pegylated. Pdf liposomes and niosomes as potential carriers for dermal. Microspheres are the delivery systems that contain a matrix of the polymer in which the drug in micron size is uniformly dispersed. Among different carriers liposomes and niosomes are well documented drug delivery. The use of liposomes for transformation or transfection of dna into a host cell is known as lipofection. A nonionic surfactant based multilamellar or unilamellar vesicular structure.
Liposomes have been widely investigated since 1970 as drug carriers for improving the delivery of therapeutic agents to specific sites in the body. Liposomes are composed of a lipid bilayer separating an aqueous internal compartment from the bulk aqueous phase. Liposomes are classified according to production method, composition as well as size and shape. Niosomes has higher chemical stability than liposomes.
Niosomes are formed based on the unfavorable interactions between surfactants and water molecules, and they can also entrap hydrophilic, lipophilic, and amphiphilic. Niosomes are much more stable during the process of formulation and storage, as compared to liposomes. Niosomes are highly stable and only slightly more leaky than liposomes as assayed by calcein leakage. Niosomes and liposomes are equiactive in drug delivery potential and. What is the difference between liposomes and niosomes. Liposomes can also be decorated with opsonins and ligands to activate endocytosis in other cell types. A liposome is a spherical vesicle having at least one lipid bilayer. Dec 06, 2017 the difference between intravascular hydrostatic and interstitial pressure acts as a driving force for the extravasations of small sized liposomes. S6a and is likely related to the phagocytic activity of the monocyticdc cell line.
Niosomes are vesicles formed from the selfassembly of nonionic surfactants in aqueous media resulting in closed bilayer structures similar to liposomes uchegbu and vyas, 1998. The liposome can be used as a drug delivery vehicle for administration of nutrients and pharmaceutical drugs, such as lipid nanoparticles in mrna vaccines, and dna vaccines. Size ranges from 103000nm size ranges from 10100nm3. Niosomes are thoughts to be better candidates drug delivery as compared to liposomes due to various factors like cost, stability etc. A future of targeted drug delivery systems ncbi nih. Decreased systemic availability in comparison to conventional dosage for. Jun 28, 2016 when quantifying and comparing the cholsirna delivery potential of elvs and liposomes between both recipient cells, it is clear that jawsii cells take up more cholsirna compared to h1299 cells. Niosomes alike liposomes are biodegradable, biocompatible and non immunogenic in nature and exhibit. Pdf liposomes and niosomes as potential carriers for.
Different carriers have been used for targeting of drug, such as immunoglobulin, serum proteins, synthetic polymers, liposome, microspheres. Niosomes are a novel drug delivery system, in which the medication is encapsulated in a vesicle. The widely used lipid component is phosphatidycholine, because of it is neutral and relatively low in cost. The microcapsules and microspheres prolong drug release where as microspheres are used for drug targeting4. A niosome is a nonactive surfactantcontaining liposome 239.
Recent trends in targeted drug delivery sm journals. Patel institute of pharmaceutical education and research, shirpur. The synergistic effect of combination of relatively high concentration of ethanol 2050% in vesicular form in ethosomes was suggested to be the main reason for their better skin permeation ability. Amongst these systems, particularly, liposomes and niosomes are used in treating pathological disease whose. Both have same physical properties but differ in their chemical composition. The nonionic surfactant belongs to the class of the alkyl or dialkyl polyglycerol ether and. Niosome also prepared by various ionic amphiphiles such. Liposomes can be prepared by disrupting biological membranes such as by sonication.
This corresponds with the vesicle uptake microscopy data fig. Differences in characteristics exist between liposomes and niosomes, especially where niosomes were prepared from uncharged singlechain surfactant and cholesterol whereas liposomes were prepared from doublechain phospholipids neutral or charged. The molecular organization of the liposome upper segment versus many individual phytosomes lower segment liposomes are used primarily in cosmetics to deliver water. Niosomes 1 st generation, transferosomes 2 nd generation, ethosomes 3 rd generation were different generation of flexible liposomes with different mechanism for enhancement of drug to skin. Hayashi et al, found that the headgroups of span 80 niosomes are more motile and less hydrophobic than those of zwitterionic lipids in liposomes 8. Download pdf journal of drug delivery and therapeutics. Nov 07, 2017 niosomes vs liposomes in both basic unit of assembly is amphiphiles, but they phospholipids in liposomes and nonionic surfactants in niosomes.
Due to the above demerits of liposomes, a new vesicular. So, carrier technology offers an intelligent approach for drug delivery by coupling the drug to a carrier particle such as microspheres, nanoparticles, liposomes, niosomes etc which modulates the. Most surfactants have a single hydrophobic tail, eg. Liposomes are most often composed of phospholipids, especially phosphatidylcholine, but may also include other lipids, such as egg phosphatidylethanolamine, so long as they are compatible with lipid bilayer structure. Different novel approaches used for delivering these drugs include liposomes, microspheres, nanotechnology, micro emulsions, antibody loaded drug delivery, magnetic microcapsules, implantable pumps and niosomes. Liposomes have the distinct advantages of being both nontoxic and biodegradable because they are composed of naturally occurring substances. In conclusion, in terms of stability and permeability for drugsize molecules niosomes are comparable to liposomes and they may offer an excellent, inexpensive alternative for delivery purposes. This results in a higher water permeability compared to liposomes. Niosomes provide incorporating the drug into for a better targeting of the drug at appropriate tissue destination. Niosomes may resolve the issues of insolubility, volatility, poor bioavailability, and rapid. Liposomes can carry both membrane associated antigens as well as water soluble molecules. There is chemical difference between niosomes and liposome, niosomes posses physical properties, similar to liposomes which are formed from phospholipids but as the name indicated niosomes, non ionic surfactant vesicles prepared by incorporation of non ionic surfactant. Microcapsules are those where the drug is coated with the polymer. The same concentration of free drug solution was also used for comparison.
The application of this type of liposome in combination with hyperthermia can be used for specific drug release in solid tumours 21. The effect of surface grafting with ncarbonylmethoxypolyethylene glycol20001,2distearoylsnglycero3phosphoethanolamine peg2000dspe onto three types of lipid nanocarriers, liposomes, niosomes and solid lipid nanoparticles slns on the skin penetration of sodium fluorescein nafi was investigated. Recent trends in niosome as vesicular drug delivery system. Mar 18, 2018 this is the key difference between liposomes and micelles. Novel drug delivery systems sample mcqs for practice 1. Liposomes composed of a whole host of different lipids, manmade or naturally occurring, each having their own uses, advantages and disadvantages. Feb 14, 2003 liposomes and iscoms have a long history as vehicles for antigen delivery. What are the differences between a liposome and simple cell membrane.
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